10 Basic Values
tstay2552Values are the things that people think are most important across the various areas of their lives. Many taxonomies of values have been developed, but the field has now gravitated to a system of 10 basic values that were identified through the work of Shalom Schwartz:
Self-Direction – independent thought and action–choosing, creating, exploring
Stimulation – excitement, novelty, and challenge in life
Hedonism – pleasure or sensuous gratification for oneself
Achievement – personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards
Power – social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources
Security – safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self
Conformity – restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms
Tradition – respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that one’s culture or religion provides.
Benevolence – preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in frequent personal contact (the ‘in-group’)
Universalism – understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature